Trying to Understand Catch 22 by Joseph Heller Essay Example for Free

Attempting to Understand Catch 22 by Joseph Heller Essay Lose-lose situation is a humorous war novel that was written in the 1950’s, however was distributed in 1961. Joseph Heller, the American creator, was known for his books to speak to a comic vision of present day society with genuine good associations. His significant subject all through his composing is the contention that happens when people communicate with such ground-breaking establishments, for example, enterprises, the military, and the legislature. Predicament was written in the post innovation period of the writing timetable. In the 1950’s, the Korean War was starting, World War II finished, and Castro turned into the despot of Cuba. These occasions had an effect on Heller as he was composing this novel about the WWII bombardier, Yossarian, and his battle to remain normal with bombs blasting surrounding him. Part 1: The Texan * Summary: Yossarian is escaping the war in an emergency clinic ward with a â€Å"liver disease† when he meets Dunbar, the intolerant Texan, and the fighter in white. * The Texan: an upsetting patient that pesters all the patients in the ward and converses with the warrior in white constantly. * â€Å"You fellas are crazy† (Heller 11) Part 2: Clevinger * Summary: Yossarian is suspicious about the insane individuals in the camp: Havermeyer, McWatt, Orr, and Nately; be that as it may, Clevinger demands Yossarian is the insane one and Doc Daneeka can't and won't discharge him on the grounds that Cathcart raised the missions once more. * Clevinger: A sharp Harvard graduate who is the first to call Yossarian insane. He is singled out in cadet preparing by lieutenant Scheisskopf, who brings him up on created charges before the activity board. He is assumed dead when his plane accidents. * â€Å"Who’s they?.. Who, explicitly, do you believe is attempting to kill you?† (Heller 17) Section 3: Havermeyer * Summary: Yossarian is joined by a dead trooper in his tent (Mudd), Orr, and Hungry Joe who are making him insane, yet Doc Daneeka still will not analyze Yossarian as insane so as to send him home; disclosing to him he needs be increasingly similar to Havermeyer. * Havermeyer: The best bombardier in the entire unit. He adores nut weak, never misses an objective, and never makes sly move. Doc Daneeka advised Yossarian to turn out to be increasingly similar to Havermeyer. * â€Å" Section 4: Doc Daneeka * Summary: Yossarian contends with Hungry Joe, attempting to clarify that he is the insane one, when Doc Daneeka starts to contemplate why he of the considerable number of specialists had to manage these prattling jokers. * Doc Daneeka: A flight specialist who hates his position and is mad about the war removing his training in the states. Doc Daneeka is the person who clarifies impasse. He is hesitant to fly, so has McWatt sign his name. McWatt’s plane slammed, and individuals accepted he was dead. * â€Å"I’m not on the plane.† (Heller 339) Part 5: Chief White Halfoat * Summary: Doc Daneeka was longing for his training back home and discloses to Yossarian that predicament keeps him from establishing him when Chief White Halfoat enters the tent to start recounting accounts of before the war; communicating his detest for the white men that kicked him and his family from home to home in view of the uncovering of oil. * Chief White Halfoat: A Native American boss is the insight official. He scorns white men for dismissing him from his home settlements and cases he will kick the bucket of pneumonia, and he tongue in cheek says he will cut his throat. Section 6: Hungry Joe * Summary: Hungry Joe had his way with the whores in Rome, had flown the most missions in the in the entire unit, and had loathsome bad dreams coming about with bone chilling shouts, yet Doc Daneeka, in spite of Yossarian’s depressed requests, couldn't announce Hungry Joe as insane gratitude to lose-lose situation. * Hungry Joe: Hungry Joe is the trooper with the most missions flown in the whole group, however his requests to get back never come. He has frightful bad dreams that cause him to shout with sickening apprehension, in any case, he is excellent with the prostitutes in Rome. He kicks the bucket one night in his rest on the grounds that Huple’s feline choked out him. Section 7: McWatt * Summary: McWatt is Yossarian’s pilot whose bed sheet was taken by Milo Minderbender, the new chaos official that is engaged with underground market arrangements and Yossarian turns into his new companion that he trusts in about these activities. * McWatt: McWatt is a bright pilot who frequently flies Yossarian’s planes, however he gets a kick out of the chance to joke around a ton, for example, humming the sea shores. One day cut Kid Sampson down the middle, and flew into a mountain quickly thereafter. Part 8: Lieutenant Scheisskopf * Summary: Yossarian takes part in an extramarital entanglements with Lieutenant Scheisskopf’s spouse, however he is excessively fixated on attempting to beat Clevinger in the week by week marches lastly wins two years straight; finishing Scheisskopf’s valuable motorcades. * Lieutenant Scheisskopf: Lieutenant Scheisskopf was the colonel that prepared Yossarian’s unit in America and is entranced with the military processions, and later on, he is elevated to general because of a misconception of notices by General Peckem. Part 9: Major * Summary: Major is a man who was elevated to group administrator, yet rather than helping his notoriety, it made him resort to being a loner; until Yossarian handled him in the forested areas. * Major: Major is exceptionally timid, clumsy, and compliant. He looks like Henry Fonda and was elevated to group officer, which caused the warriors to detest him, making him become withdrawn and separating himself from the others. Part 10: Wintergreen * Summary: Yossarian tells ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen, a washout compelled to burrow discipline openings for going AWOL, about Clevenger’s vanishing, and Dr. Stubbs giggles at the reality everybody sees Yossarian as insane in light of the fact that he might be the last one in the camp that is normal. * Wintergreen: Ex-P.F.C. Wintergreen was a mail representative at the Air Force Headquarters, however Wintergreen will not go to work; bringing about his rank being stripped and burrowing discipline opening. Part 11: Captain Black * Summary: Major was picked as the new group officer over Captain Black, and Captain Black made the Glorious Loyalty Oath Crusade to make all the men hopeless until Major de Coverley returns and stops the campaign. * Captain Black: Captain Black is the squadron’s insight official, however he aches to turn into the unit authority. He loves watching his men endure and insults them just to be a yank. Section 12: Bologna * Summary: Yossarian moves the bomb line on the guide over night to evade the strategic Bologna and results with General Peckem accepting an award, the men becoming inebriated, taking a vehicle, and Clevenger returning back to the camp; complaining at the men when the taken vehicle flips. Part 13: Major de Coverley * Summary: Major de Coverley rents condos for all the enrolled men and officials to withdraw to when on leave and has a straightforward eye fix, however Yossarian’s group that went to bomb the scaffold in Bologna all missed their objective; bringing about a second excursion that must be concealed. * Major de Coverley: Everyone loves and fears Major de Coverly. He additionally leases condos for men on their rest leaves. Part 14: Kid Sampson * Summary: Yossarian requested Kid Sampson to turn the plane around in Bologna due to a â€Å"defective intercom,† and when they return securely back to base, Yossarian slips away to the sea shore for a snooze when he understands that the planes that were his buddies left again. * Kid Sampson: Kid Sampson was a pilot in Yossarian’s unit. He was cut fifty-fifty on the sea shore because of McWatt’s wild flying. Part 15: Piltchard and Wren * Summary: Following Captains Piltchard and Wren demand that nobody chooses to leave the crucial no explanation, Yossarian starts to freeze over Bologna as a result of the flack and advises McWatt to drop the bomb and leave as quick as he could when he saw his individual planes were missing, yet when he got back, he finds missing his friends, starts to feel soothed, and leaves to Rome to discover Luciana. * Piltchard and Wren: Captain Piltchard and Captain Wren are the joint group activity officials. They love to fly missions. Section 16: Luciana * Summary: Luciana was a prostitute in Rome that mooched off of Yossarian, a man envious of the ladies magnet, Aarfy, and Coronel Cathcart raised the missions again to 40. * Luciana: A lovely little youngster that lives in Rome. She and Yossarian take part in an extramarital entanglements, and he imprudently requests that her wed him. Rather than saying indeed, she gives him her location, and Yossarian tears it up and thinks twice about it later. * â€Å"You don’t need to lay down with me?† (Heller 154) Part 17: The Soldier in White * Summary: Yossarian comes back to the emergency clinic by and by to look for a place of refuge from the severity of the war when he experiences the officer in white, a powerless body encased in white dressing, however Dunbar, enraged by jungle fever, causes an uproar about the sheathed fighter. * The Soldier in White: The warrior in white is a wrecked officer who is encased in a full body cast. The medical caretakers must thoroughly take care of him, and Dunbar makes a colossal disturbance over him. Section 18: The Soldier Who Saw Everything * Summary: The medical clinic staff are aggravated in light of the fact that there is nothing amiss with Yossarian in light of the fact that he is faking his liver condition, however one day another trooper claims he is seeing pairs; giving Yossarian the plan to duplicate his ailment. Section 19: Coronel Cathcart * Summary: Colonel Cathcart will successfully get general and needs to be renowned (referenced in paper), so he brings in the cleric to â€Å"pray† without carrying religion into the demonstration to put him on the map. The pastor tells Coronel Cathcart the missions are starting to arrive at a ludicrous tallness. * Colonel Cathcart: Coronal Cathcart is the ordering c

Plato vs. Aristotle Essay Example for Free

Plato versus Aristotle Essay Various specialists in present day time view Plato as the primary authentic political thinker and Aristotle as the main political researcher. They were both incredible scholars concerning, to a limited extent with Socrates, being the establishment of the extraordinary western thinkers. Plato and Aristotle each had thoughts in how to continue with improving the general public where they were a piece of during their reality. It is fundamental along these lines to examine their diverse hypothetical methodologies with respect to their philosophical viewpoints, for example, morals and brain research. This paper anyway will essentially focus on Aristotles sees on companionship and how it impacts todays society. The fundamental target in Platos theory is a making of an ideal society. He builds an establishment for an idealistic culture in his book The Republic. The motivation behind his point of view was to rinse his general public of the troubles he felt tormented it and build another one. Plato lived during the Peloponnesian War, which therefore lead as far as possible of the Athenian vote based system. He had observer record of his guides (Socrates) preliminary and execution. Severe and infuriated by the political debasement that grasped the Athenian majority rule government, he separated from taking part in legislative issues. He emphatically felt that neither an ethical individual nor an express that is normal could be built up in a just domain. Plato felt that the regular man wasnt clever or equipped for managing ideas that impact the state, for example, financial aspects, strategy of outside issues and other relative issues. He saw political officeholders in Athens government as being chosen for issues that were insignificant to principle factors that influenced the state. Another peril was that inordinate freedom for the individuals of the vote based society might prompt turmoil. In Platos flawless society, he continued onward to take out the ailment (pluralism of kinship) that tormented the human character and society (Class Notes). Basically, Plato needed to build up the ideal type of society, connected by one single element. Aristotle, in contrast to Plato, was not engaged or worried about the possibility of an ideal society, rather he needed to enhance the one that he was a piece of during his reality. As opposed to build up a structure for a general public that is great, he recommended that society should, in it self, endeavor to use the best framework it can achieve. He felt that ideal world was dynamic and shallow. It wouldnt consider practical critical thinking arrangements. He felt that Platos perspective on an exacting upgrade of society when all is said in done wasnt vital. He accepted that society was at its ideal and you can just enhance the current one. Platos impeccable society would comprise of three essential gatherings, which are Guardians (Gold), Auxiliaries (Silver), and the Artisan (Bronze). The most elevated of these classes are the gold individuals, which comprise of rulers and non-rulers. Those that are rulers are societys choice arrangement producers and non-rulers possess levels of government workers. The basic essential to turning into a certifiable scholar is to know about structures, subsequently empowering you to know reality. Platos hypothesis of the structures is mostly coherent and part powerful. Furnished with reality, he accepted that philosophical ruler will consistently settle on the correct choice, and rule with all out knowledge, equity and prudence. The rulers, he felt, wouldnt groups any cash or property, they would be liberated from wants, overabundances, and indecencies. The Auxiliaries (Silver) are individuals of solidarity, boldness, and military limit; they involve a little segment of society. All helpers would be exposed to a progression of tests, which will check their forces of protection from personal responsibility, joy and different enticements. The last level, Artisan (Bronze), are the laborers which may be made out of ranchers and craftsman, basically non-gifted specialists. They would deliver all the consumable and non-consumable products regarded essential for utilization and the proceeded with financial reasonability of the general public. Plato entire heartedly felt that if at any point the bronze or iron individuals rule the state would fall (Class Notes). He tried to set up the idea of the gold class having intelligence, in this way they ought to be shrewd and acceptable rulers. It was basic that the individuals who rule be rationalists and talented in territories that related to the enthusiasm of the state. Aristotles couldn't help contradicting Plato with respect to permitting one specific class to administer the state politically for uncertain timeframe. He felt that to not permit cooperation among the different classes would restrain the individuals who gangs the capacity to take part in political life, a shamefulness. He feels Platos structure of classes is politically wrong for the state. He cites It is a further complaint that he denies his Guardians even of joy, keeping up that satisfaction of the entire state which ought to be the object of enactment, at last he is expressing that the individuals who rule (Guardians), penance their bliss for control and total force. The individuals who are of the gold class, lead such an unbending life, that it will get important to force the equivalent severe lifestyle on those being administered. He puts the possibility of control on a high platform. Numerous people come to support the idea of balance since it is adaptable, part liberal and part preservationist. Platos perfect society is so hard to imagine that Aristotle accepts that no individual can accomplish its simple necessities. He chose to communicate in the Republic how men should direct it self in an ideal society and what demeanor they should gangs. By and large, Aristotle felt by utilizing genuine experience alongside genuine individuals, he can see direct how and what way would he be able to improve society. Plato and Aristotle both concurred on equity and saw it unbiasedly; that is it controls the conviction an existence of considerate mindset would be accommodated all individuals regardless of their positioning in the public arena. Aristotles states In popular governments, for instance, equity is considered to mean balance, no theocracies, again disparity in the dispersion of office to thought about just. Plato sees the possibility of law and equity as what sets the standard for societys conduct in a state. Aristotle puts accentuation on the organization of the polis or cultivated network. The polis was organized to permit the normal individual in the public eye to take an interest in political issues. This institutional discussion isn't the city-state or the network, yet simply the bigger of the two elements. It is fairly an association between families, groups, and towns for a completely created and independent life. The polis empowers those people who normally forces moral acumen and intelligence a chance to ascend to higher positions (Class Notes). Equity is the political acceptable inside the polis, and it must advance the regular enthusiasm of the individuals of the state. What is viewed as acceptable must be conveyed and directed all through the state. The law is additionally the controlling element that emerges from equivalent and free individuals in common organization. The prosperity of a general public is exclusively founded on the association between the exertion wherein the residents of the state hold fast to the tradition that must be adhered to. A productive member of society of the state will groups judiciousness, control, and equity, or more all to manage and be dominated. His conviction negates Plato hypothesis of one controlling class, administering the political issues and choices that impact the state. The Theory of Democracy that Aristotle states is that vote based system is a depravity type of administration of nation (Class Notes). He plainly expresses The individuals everywhere ought to be sovereign as opposed to the couple of best. Plato then again, wouldnt license residents to take part in open support concerning legislative issues, as Aristotle would have appreciated. Plato likewise felt that open decisions of objection and endorsement depended on enthusiastic conviction, rather than real information. He accepts that if an upset happened it would occurred inside the passageways of the royal residence, thus royal residence transformation. This sort of unrest happens when there is a transmission of intensity starting with one holder of intensity then onto the next. Aristotle sees such an occasion happening between the well off and less lucky in the public eye. He feels to forestall such activities, one must take part in them. Plato believes that in an ideal world a disappointed gathering of Guardians will rise and withdraw themselves from the decision law of the state. He feels that a government two things may start a potential upheaval: the first is the ruler and their posterity would develop to be feeble, thoughtful, and second is that the quantity of poor people will become bigger and there for be exploited by the decision class. Aristotle expresses that to know the elements that caused the insurgency, which annihilates the constitution, is to likewise know the head of impact, which thusly guarantee its conservation. Aristotle and Plato likewise have differentiating sees on morals, brain science and mysticism. With respect to morals, Aristotle accepts that uprightness is important for joy, while Plato says righteousness is sufficient for bliss. The mental contrast between the two is that Plato feels the body is a jail for the spirit; body and soul are two distinct substances, equipped for keeping up autonomy from each other. With respect to Aristotle, he asserts that the body and soul are two distinct things, one comprising of issue the other structure. He sees everything known to mankind being made out of issue and structure, so its not astonishing that he sees person are as well. To him structure is just the manner in which matter is organized. For instance, a feline is made in a catlike way; that is the thing that makes a feline. Individual besides, have a one of a kind technique for structure, as well; that is their structure. Truth be told, Aristotle unequivocally feels that nothing in presence can be without structure and matter. In the event that you take out its structure and structure you don't have anything

4 Out Of The Box Ideas To Get Traffic For Your Blogs

4 Out Of The Box Ideas To Get Traffic For Your Blogs Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now! 4 Out Of The Box Ideas To Get Traffic For Your Blogs Updated On 10/04/2014 Author : Sarvesh Darak Topic : Blogging Short URL : http://hbb.me/12K3sln CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlog In blogosphere every blogger is craving for traffic. They are always in search of some new ways or tactics that they can use to boost their blog traffic. And why not they search for new ways to build traffic, because they know that traffic is directly proportional to money. The more you have the traffic the more money you will make. In blogosphere you will be able to find hundreds of tactics and places that you can use to build huge audience for your blog and today I’m going to increase the figures by adding my 4 out of the box ways to build traffic for your blog. 1. People Reads T-shirts More Then Books Now a day’s everybody got addicted to read what’s written of everybody’s t-shirts. Even sometimes I can’t stop myself to read what’s written on the persons t-shirts. So I thought let’s take advantage of these new habits of everyone. All you need are some t-shirts with your blog logos printed on it with your blog tag line or some slogan. Then simply distribute it within your friends circle and tell everyone to wear it at least for one day then see the magic and boost in your blog traffic. 2. Have Some Coding Skills Do you have some coding skills? If your answer is yes then you have huge key in your hand that will open the door for you to boost your blog traffic.  You can use you coding skills to develop a theme or plugin for other bloggers to grab links from there blogs. .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button .postImageUrl , .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { min-height: 86px; position: relative; } .IRPP_button , .IRPP_button:hover , .IRPP_button:visited , .IRPP_button:active { border:0!important; } .IRPP_button { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #3498DB; } .IRPP_button:active , .IRPP_button:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .IRPP_button .postImageUrl { background-position: center; background-size: cover; float: right; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 30%; } .IRPP_button .centered-text-area { float: left; width: 70%; padding:0; margin:0; } .IRPP_button .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: inherit; font-size: 13px; font-weight: bold; letter-spacing: .125em; margin: 0; padding: 0; } .IRPP_button .postTitle { color: #ECF0F1; font-size: 16px; fon t-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button .ctaButton { background: #ECF0F1; color: inherit; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; margin: 18px 14px 18px 14px; moz-border-radius: 3px; padding: 12px 0; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; webkit-border-radius: 3px; width: 80px; position: absolute; } .IRPP_button:hover .ctaButton { background: #e6e6e6; } .IRPP_button .centered-text { display: table; height: 86px; padding:0; margin:0; padding-left: 108px!important; top: 0; } .IRPP_button .IRPP_button-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 10px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .IRPP_button:after { content: "; display: block; clear: both; } READ5 Ways A Blog Can Boost Your Real Estate SiteNot only that you can also make some revenue out of your theme and plugin by launching a premium version. So get both benefits in terms of traffic as well as in terms of money by using your little coding knowledge. 3. Biz Cards Email Signature Today even small business owner will have his own business card, so make sure you own a simple business card to boost your blog traffic offline. If you don’t have UPrinting Business Cards then you can take advantage of email signatures to boost your blog traffic. Because studies shows that millions of emails send out each seconds. I by myself send around 20 to 30 mails each day to contact my clients and friends. So emails signatures are one of best ways to gain exposure for your blog. 4.  Tell-A-Friend Button Make sure you have a tell-a-friend button on your blog so that your readers will be able to spread a word about your blog in their friend circle. Lots of bigwig bloggers are already using this button to maximize the amount of traffic on their blogs. So now it’s your turn to enable the tell-a-friend feature on your blog. Do you use any other out of the box idea to generate awesome traffic to your blog? Kindly share them in the comments below. This article is written by Sarvesh. He is a blogger with a passion for forex trading, who is keep on helping other amateur traders pick the right brokers and forex programs.  If you wish to write for us, kindly check this.

The Principles Of Nursing Practice - 2428 Words

This essay will discuss and reflect on one of the Principles of Nursing Practice and I will relate this to my practice experience. It will focus on Principle of Nursing Practice A: Dignity, humanity and equality and I will demonstrate knowledge of the Principle of Nursing Practice in my essay and investigate the professional, legal and ethical frameworks that guide nursing practice and discuss and link what I have experienced in practice to my chosen Principle. I have taken into account; The code of professional standards of practice and behaviour for nurses and midwives, I have gained and maintained individuals’ right to privacy and confidentially regarding the patients name and trust details (Nursing and Midwifery Council 2015 p. 6). The Principles of Nursing Practice were introduced by the Royal college of Nursing (RCN) with the input from the Department of Health, the Nursing Midwifery Council, service users and user organisations. They indicate to the public what they should expect from nursing practice, no matter if they are a colleague, service user, or the relatives or carers of the service users. The Principles explain what makes up the safe and effective nursing care, and encounter the aspects of behaviour, attitude and approach that underlie good quality care. They are important to health professionals, in delivering safe care because they indicate how to follow the principles, to be able to assist you in reflecting on your practice and development as aShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Nursing Practice2187 Words   |  9 PagesThis essay will discuss the Principles of Nursing Practice with particular reference to Principle D. The professional, legal and ethical frameworks that guide Principle D will als o be considered. The essay will relate this content to what I have read and experienced in practice. Firstly, it will give an overview of the Principles of Nursing Practice with a definition of Principle D. 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In most nationsRead MoreEssay on Four Principles of Interpersonal Communication1459 Words   |  6 Pageswhat has been noted about the four principles of interpersonal communication demonstrates that King (2000) has provided the definitive source for reviewing these issues. According to King, interpersonal communication is: inescapable, irreversible, complicated and contextual. Using these four principles as a basis for research, the current investigation provides a review of each of the four principles and the implication of each of these principles for the nursing professional. A situation is describedRead MoreNursing Philosophy and Code of Ethics Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesThere are philosophical forces that make up and direct each nurse’s practice. Burkhardt and Nathaniel (2008) note philosophy as â€Å"the intense and critical examination of beliefs and assumptions (pp. 27). One incorporates knowledge and beliefs to make up their philosophical forces. Possessing outstanding philosophical forces allows one to be respectful, well rounded and possess good character. Some examples of ways one has been respectful towards another person’s beliefs are discussed in the next paragraph

How I Met My Wife I - 1068 Words

HOW I MET MY WIFE I was on my way back to Chicago from Vietnam, where I had been a war correspondent attached to the First Marine Division at DaNang. I had lived for a while in Australia, spent a week in New Zealand, and now I was in the airport at Auckland. I had gone up on the walkaway above the waiting room. Looking over the crowd of travelers, a beautiful tall redhead appeared with orange curls, very elegant in her best traveling clothes. Mmmm. She was something like Deborah Kerr in AN AFFAIR TO REMEMBER with Cary Grant, but with a long Viking face. I made my way downstairs and inserted myself into her path, saying, Hello. I was a rough, common-looking character in blue jeans, and her nose was in the air. She sniffed,Hello, back, but she didn t notice me at all. I was quite beneath her line of vision. We were on the same plane to Tahiti, but I didn t get to speak to her again. In Tahiti, I met up with a tennis pro who was on a world tour and we hung out. 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Government Or Controlled Demolition Essay - 1219 Words

Government or Controlled Demolition The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda in the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001. They attacked the Twin Towers in New York City. There are different conspiracy theories with the 9/11 attack but the most important conspiracy theory is that the collapse of the twin towers were the result of controlled demolition by the government rather than structural failure due to impact and fire. Now the question remains, was it controlled demolition or was it terrorist attacking the World Trade Center on purpose? This conspiracy theory revolves around authorities knowing about the attackers and also guiding them to complete their terror attack. None of the deaths would have happened without the deliberate unplugging of Americas air defense. The twin tower did not fall of plane impacts or fire. People claim that jet fuel doesn’t melt steel beams. 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Consumer Behaviour of the Australian Customers

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviour of the Australian Customers. Answer: Introduction In this study, Consumer Behaviour of the Australian customers has been discussed focusing on the consumers' behaviour for the greeting cards. In addition, Hallmark Cards of Australia has been chosen for conducting the study focusing on the consumers' behaviour. In this study, a clear literature review section has been given with providing facilitators and barriers for the consumer's behaviour. In order to conduct the study, clear target customers of the hallmark greeting cards have been selected and interviews have been conducted with laddering techniques. In the final section, recommendations and conclusion have been given identifying the issues of the consumer behaviour. Overview of Hallmark Cards Australia Hallmark Cards is an organisation that is privately owned by an American company of Kansas City. This company has its history for more than 100 years as it was founded in the year of 1910. In the United States, Hallmark is the largest manufacturer of greetings cards and this organisation was set up by Joyce Hall. In the year of 1985, Hallmark Cards was awarded the National Medal of Arts. In the case of Australia, this organisation had its licence in 1955. However, this organisation has been delivering the products through retail organisations as well. In the year 1979, this organisation has changed its name with Hallmark Cards Australia (Hallmark Helper, 2016). Product category of Hallmark Cards Moreover, this organisation is served in Australia, United States and New Zealand. In the recent time scenario, Hallmark Cards is delivering personalised e-cards for the customers. Hallmark Cards is famous for the greeting cards, however, they have been delivering gifts, books, ornaments, stationery, Itty-Bitty, sentimental frames etc. Hallmark Cards delivers Shoebox, this is a humour card that the company has introduced in the year 1989. Apart from this, they evolved the studio cards and with the advancement of time, they introduced two characters in the card, they are hoops and yoyo. They have been providing cards for birthday, valentines' cards, fathers' day card, love card etc. In recent time, they have been in the software printed cards and customised e-cards. They have made a partnership with Nova Development and with Microsoft Greetings for delivering customised cards for consumers (Hallmark Helper, 2016). Consumer segmentation Market Segmentation is a strategy of marketing for an organisation that they choose to market their products. In order to market their products, they create a segmentation of the customers. This process is to create a subset of customers who have common needs, priorities or interests. Then, the organisation designs the strategy of marketing and targets them. According to Schiffman et al. (2013), behavioural segmentation is characteristics of purchase occasion, purchase behaviour and perception of beliefs. On the other side, psychographic consumer segmentation is related to the lifestyles and personality. In customer profile basis, an organisation can make segmentation of customers with socio-economic, demographic and geographic (Brunori, Rossi Guidi, 2012). In case of the Hallmark Cards Australia, families that are associated with the kids can be their target customers, especially in seasonal times, like Father's day, Birthdays etc. The organisation sells greeting cards, for this teenage and young generation can be their target customer. Target Consumer The target market is parents of the kids and the young generations. Kids are the future generation of a country. Furthermore, parents of the children aged 4-12 of Australia are the major target market of Hallmark Cards Australia. Kids like to have greeting cards for celebrating New Year's, fathers day etc. parents buy these cards for them. In addition, new generation parents like to have e-cards as well. Geographic Region Australian regions Demographic Age 23+ Sex Male and Female Family size 3-6 Income 20,000+ Australian dollars Occupation Service, business, Education University degree, college degree Psychographic Personality Outgoing, doting father, mother Lifestyles Achievers, believers, socially active, thinkers Behavioural Purchase time Social occasion, birthday, holidays, weddings and much more Benefits Domestic shipping, home delivery, friendly atmosphere, reasonable price Usage rate Dependent on occasion Loyalty Strong-100% Table 1: Target Consumers (Source: Created by Author) Engaging the customers Offline and Online The organisation needs to engage the customers both on online and in offline. In the global scenario of the marketing, consumer behaviour depends on the visibility of the products and services (Funk, Alexandris McDonald, 2016). However, the organisations need to engage the customers in their business all time. Successful consumers association is related to know the use of both online and offline use of customer engagement modes (Jalas Juntunen, 2015). Organisations must know to complement these two effectively. In the case of offline purchase of a product, the customer can pay this with the use of online banking and online payment mode. In the case of an offline purchase, the customers can make up their minds beforehand with the use of the organisation's websites (Sohaib Kang, 2014). In most of the cases, the customers make their mind before visiting the retailers or outlets of the organisations using company's websites. This is the process of successful utilising the use of both offline and online methods. This is a process customer's engagement and utilising this method, an organisation can ensure the customer engagement (Kahle Chiagouris, 2014). Visibility of a product before the customers is important in recent time as the customers are now comparing various products in order to buy a simple product. In a recent study conducted by Australian survey organisation, it is revealed that 30% of the customers aged between 20 and 40 preferred online view of the products before they buy a product (Solomon, Russell-Bennett Previte, 2013). In the case of greeting cards, the customers like to see the range of greeting cards that the organisation have with them. In recent time, the organisation's like to manage the websites and apps for customised the cards for the customers. The organisations are using various kinds of software for making customised e-cards for the customers (Klazmer, 2012). The physical location of the organisation needs to mention clearly by the organisation's website. Online process assists an organisation to communicate the customers easily through social networking emails marketing (Jack Ronan, 1997). The communication and visibility both increase in this process and these motivates consumer purchase. Fostering the card-givers Giving gifts and cards is a tradition in all countries and this process is related to several factors. These can be economic cards giver and symbolic card givers. This is related to the make the other person feel better. The first thing that a card can do is to make the other people happy and this card giving procedure is related to the religious activities, spending money and gifts, helping cards, receiving cards and time and family (Virvalaite, Saladiene Bagdonaite, 2015). The genuine card givers are the people that enjoy giving the cards to people in order to make the people happy and rejoice. The genuine card givers think that it is a pleasure for them to send the cards to the love ones. They send the cards in several occasions like wedding time, seasonal time, birthday time etc. on the other side, some of the people are status hound as they do not send the cards for pleasure purposes. As stated by Sharma (2014), they send the cards for self-enhancement of their status. This process is a technique to show the money power or the status power of the people. In this case, cards are nothing to do with the recipient's good and value. This is typically for business purposes only. Greeting cards are the show of someone's love, concerns and happiness to others and the organisations have started to utilise the both type of card givers who send for the purpose of love and who send for professional purposes. Parents are the type of card givers who buy the gifts for the specific purpose of the children and the children like to make happy others. On the other side, youngsters like to buy cards for giving their near ones for traditional purposes or professional utilisation (Singelis, 1994). Organisations of the greeting cards manufacturers are trying to grab both types of cards givers for their business purposes. Fostering their card giving tendency through offline and online can enhance their market. Barriers Free software to make greeting cards Greeting cards are the ways of expressing one's feelings to the other in a traditional way. However, business cards are getting famous in recent time for making the cards in a purposeful way. Organisations that make the traditional greeting cards has been facing issues with online software that help to make e-cards for near and dear ones in wishing and celebrate their birthdays, weddings and many more occasions. In this scenario, the manufacturers have made their own online pages for providing customised cards for the customers. However, this policy incurred million for the organisation in order to partnership technological organisation to lend their software and technology. In this case, Hallmark Cards took the help of Microsoft software in designing latest cards for them. This licensing policies and collaborating techniques need to spend a huge amount for the manufacturer organisation. On the other side, Horner Swarbrooke (2016) opined that in recent time, customers can find easy access to the designing software on the internet. A single search on the internet can give free access to the customised cards. In order to access such software designed by the organisation, customers just need to log in their pages. Some of the time, a trial version of the costly card-designing software can be accessed. In this scenario, customers do not need to spend a single dollar on this process. This free access to the software and technology decreases the market of greeting cards in this age of digitalisation (Gossling et al. 2012). Greeting card manufacturer organisations fail to make a market of their printable e-cards, however, this has made loss of market and money for the organisation. Customers can use these free cards for sending e-mails for business purposes and for their near ones in social media. These kinds of cards are printable (East et al. 2013). Consumer motivation The consumer is the sole factor for an organisation to run and consumers make a purchase with their senses like sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. Consumer buying behaviour defines the process of consumer purchases a goods or products for using for families or themselves (Seegebarth et al. 2015). Before a buying a product, a consumer is influenced by several factors, like economic needs, psychological variables, social influence and purchase situation (Hugstad, Taylor Bruce, 2013). The consumer must have the motivation to buy a product and they must have needs, wants and drives for this particular product. Consumers want these kinds of products that meet their seek benefits of their match. As stated by Cohen, Prayag, Moital (2014), the motivation of the customers is mainly driving force for buy a product. The motivation of a customer can be extrinsic and intrinsic as well. In greeting cards industry, the factors of motivation can be both. Motivation to buy a product comes from the reference group, culture and opinion leaders. In case of parents of a child and family members, they get their motivation from the husband, children, wife and that can be mutual factors as well (Boztepe, 2016). In greeting cards industry, family members buy cards for seasonal purposes and their motivation is related to the attitude, belief and feelings for others (Gssling et al. 2012). Manufacturers of the greeting cards relate the key issues of the buying behaviour of the customers are building trust, meeting expectations, ethical issues etc. The motivation that comes from within of the consumers for buying a product needs an approval of decision-making process of the customers that are associated with recognition, alternative evaluation and information search (Greco, 2013). Consumer Interviews This interview procedure has been conducted over four respondents. These interviews provided help in understanding the viewpoints of the encouragement and barriers of the customers in buying of the greeting cards. In this study, interviews have been conducted with parents of the kids who buy greeting cards from Hallmark Cards. Interview procedure was conducted with 2 mothers and 2 fathers of kids of Australia from different regions. In these interviews, consumer segment is parents of the kids in Australian and they would be asked about the greeting card ranges of Hallmark cards, Australia. Comparing table of respondents Respondent 1 Respondent 2 Respondent 3 Respondent 4 Father (Male 1) Father (Male 2) Mother (Female 1) Mother (Female 2) Age 30-35 25-30 25-30 30-35 Family size 6 4 5 4 Occupation Businessman Professor House maker Manager of multinational company Income $50,000 approx $40,000 approx - $20,000 approx Education Undergraduate Post-graduate Post graduate + diploma Undergraduate Table 2: Respondents of Interviews (Source: Created by author) General Perceptions of greeting cards In order to conduct the interviews of the respondents, general interviews have been conducted to the friends and families. During these general interviews, most of the individuals averred the potential value of the greeting cards on their lives. Greeting cards play an important role to convey one's desire. On the other side, each of the people likes to receive greeting cards as well. Respondents of the general interviews mentioned that in this technological faster world, the true essence of handmade greeting cards has been obsolete. People are now giving preference to the e-greeting cards and animated cards that are built through using of software. The days of hand writing cards have gone and instead of this, the days of software led printable cards have come to the place. Telling someone of the words of the heart, expressing emotion gets easy with the greeting cards. Emotion gets to mix with the technology in this era and this mixed up shapes to the new age of greeting cards. On the other side, business persons need the business cards that can tell for their business purposes. They design their cards on that purpose only. It can be deduced that the mixing of technology and tradition of the recent generation, the greeting card takes a new shape. The creating of double needs of business and emotion, the manufacturers have created demands of cards for them. Interview techniques In order to conduct the research, laddering interview technique has been selected for understanding people's buying of the products. The laddering technique is used to take for qualitative research method. According to Yu Lee, (2016), laddering questions of an interview is related to the product attributes, consequences of the products that can create personal meaning for the users of the products. In this case, the product is greeting cards and consumers are the parents of the kids in Australia. Which feature of the greeting cards do you like best of Hallmark Cards? Respondent 1 (Male 1): I do not buy greeting cards much; however, I like the e-cards that Hallmark provides for business purposes. This type of card conveys love for fashion and class. Respondent 2 (Male 2): I like the characters of Hoop and Yoyo in the cards of Hallmark. Respondent 3 (Female 1): I like those cards that featuring a woman with silhouette with accessories sensing a high style because it conveys a portrayal of feminism. Moreover, handmade cards of Hallmark attract me. Respondent 4 (Female 2): I like mainly the holiday cards of Hallmark and I usually buy this for no reason. Moreover, the printing quality of nature attracts me. What does the feature of the greeting cards do to your life? Respondent 1 (Male 1): I am a businessman and I use my greeting cards for business purposes largely. Not only that, I buy greeting cards for other reasons like birthday, wedding seasons as well. My children plead me to buy the cards in New Year time." Respondent 2 (Male 2): I am fond of greeting cards and I do buy cards frequently for no reason. Hoop and Yoyo cards amaze me with fantastic quotes print on them. I buy this each month and whenever a new edition comes on the market. I visit retail market and find for Hoop and Yoyo. I like their chemistry and sense of humour very well." Respondent 3 (Female 1): I always prefer handmade cards and this type of cards provide me pleasure as well. Whenever a marriage ceremony comes I present them with handmade cards of Hallmark. This is costly, but I like them." Respondent 4 (Female 2): The painting of nature on the cards sensitises me and I use these cards in my room. However, I do not feel that plunge of buying cards." What do the functional benefits of the greeting cards do to your life? First respondent (Male 1) mentioned that greeting cards do one of the best parts of his life as he does his business communication using cards. However, he does not buy the cards. His office secretary uses various types of free software for making business cards. Second respondent (Male 2) said that as he is professor, he needs to buy some cards for giving the colleague on farewell occasions. He mentioned that he likes to buy cards for himself also for his own purposes and his children. On the other side, the third respondent (Female 1) mentioned that he bought several time cards for her children and husband. She does send gifts for the relatives with cards. Fourth respondent (Female 2) told that making other people happy makes her happy mostly. In order to the happy person, she sends cards to her friends and makes new bonding of friendship. Her children do send cards to their friends and this enhances friendship, however, it incurs money. Do you find any emotional benefits from greeting cards of Hallmark Cards? On asking this question, First respondent (Male 1) mentioned that doing his business is one of the most important things. Moreover, cards do the same things for him and it provides emotional satisfaction for him by making communication. Second respondent (Male 2) believed that making his colleague happy makes him happy as well and his hobby of collecting cards of Hoop and Yoyo makes him fulfil. At the same time, buying cards for children give him the motivation to buy a card for birthday and family occasions. Third respondent (Female 1) told that she searched for e-cards online and bought them through this. This process of buying makes her happy as she needs not to go outside. Lastly, the respondent (Female 2) mentioned that she becomes happy to give cards to others on weddings or some other occasions. However, she commented that she saw delivery late of the cards and sometimes she failed to find the match of the same products what she has seen earlier on websites to the physical out lets. Analysis of findings Modern card designing of the organisation attracts most of the customers and consumers like to have the cards for family and business purposes too. Conveying the feelings of one can be done through cards and it can increase the level of bonding between two individuals. On the other side, consumers believe that cards must be low-priced for it is available some of the websites for free of cost. The cards of Hallmark provide emotional benefits to the customers and they sometimes do not have the urge to buy the card when no specific needs occur. The merging of online and offline helps for the organisation to lure the customers. The range of the Hallmark is exclusive; however, the matching of the products what they show online must be available on offline as well. Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 1 (Male 1) Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 2 (Male 2) Illustration of Hierarchy map for Respondent 3 (Female 1) Illustration of Hierarchy map For Respondent 4 (Female 2) Recommendations Matching of online products to the outlets Justification: Most of the Australian customers first searched the desired products online or websites of the company and they either buy the products from online or visit the outlets or retails for purchasing. If they do not find the same cards, they would be disappointed. The quality of the cards what is shown on the website must be matched. Hallmark can use the particular code for each product for recognising it separately. Action Plan Activities Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Identification of the cards Development of plan Determination of action with giving codes to products Implementing some staffs for doing this Evaluation Implementation on online and offline Table 3: Action plan Price must be decreased and equal for online and offline various range of cards Justification The customers can find the e-cards and customised cards for free of cost on the internet and they are not having the urge for buying it from paying the money for themselves and their children. It is needed to decrease the price of the cards and delivery charges of the cards need to be free to allure the customers. The price of the same products must be equal on offline and online of Hallmark Cards. Action Plan Activity 1st week 2nd and 3rd weeks 4th and 5th weeks 6th weeks Market research to understand the price of cards for other manufacturers Making plans Hiring experts Decrease the price Observing changes in product quality and making the same price for online and offline products Table 4: Action Plan Conclusion In this study, it is focused on the mainly second project task of the assignment, future generations that are kids of Australia. Although, the focus has been on the parents as they are the target customers of the Hallmark cards. Overall the various ranges of cards have appeal on the Australian customers, especially occasions with friends and family are the best time for selling of the cards. Various facets of the consumers behaviour related to greeting cards have been identified that cause the consumer's buying decisions. Reference List Boztepe, A. (2016). Green marketing and its impact on consumer buying behaviour.European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 5(1), 5-21. Brunori, G., Rossi, A., Guidi, F. (2012).On the new social relations around and beyond food.Analysing consumers' role and action in Gruppi di AcquistoSolidale (Solidarity Purchasing Groups).SociologiaRuralis, 52(1), 1-30. Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities. Current Issues in Tourism, 17(10), 872-909. East, R., Wright, M., Vanhuele, M. (2013).Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Funk, D. C., Alexandris, K., McDonald, H. (2016). Sports Consumer Behaviour: Marketing Strategies. London: Routledge. Gssling, S., Scott, D., Hall, C. M., Ceron, J. P., Dubois, G. (2012).Consumer behaviour and demand response of tourists to climate change.Annals of Tourism Research, 39(1), 36-58. Greco, A. J. (2013). Representation of the elderly in advertising: crisis or inconsequence?.Journal of Consumer Marketing. 1(2), 50-59 Hallmark Helper (2016). Hallmarkhelper.com.au. Retrieved 26 August 2016, from https://hallmarkhelper.com.au Horner, S., Swarbrooke, J. (2016).Consumer behaviour in tourism. London: Routledge. Hugstad, P., Taylor, J. W., Bruce, G. D. (2013). The effects of social class and perceived risk on consumer information search. Journal of Services Marketing, 5(1), 51-55 Jack, S. J., Ronan, K. R. (1997). Sensation seeking among highà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  and lowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ risk sports participants. Personality and Individual Differences, 25(6), 1063à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 1083. Jalas, M., Juntunen, J. K. (2015). Energy intensive lifestyles: Time use, the activity patterns of consumers, and related energy demands in Finland. Ecological Economics, 113, 51-59. Kahle, L. R., Chiagouris, L. (2014).Values, lifestyles, and psychographics.Psychology Press. Klazmer, E. (2012). The protection of a celebrity parody: Paris Hilton v. Hallmark Cards. International Journal of Private Law, 5(1), 61-78. Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour.Pearson Higher Education AU. Seegebarth, B., Peyer, M., Balderjahn, I., Wiedmann, K. P. (2015).The Sustainability Roots of Anticonsumption Lifestyles and Initial Insights Regarding Their Effects on Consumers' Wellà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Being.Journal of Consumer Affairs. 26-30 Sharma, M. K. (2014). The Impact on Consumer Buying Behaviour: Cognitive Dissonance. Global Journal of Finance and Management, 6(9), 833-840. Singelis, T. M. (1994). The measurement of independent and interdependent selfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ construals.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 20(5), 580à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 591. Sohaib, O., Kang, K. (2014). Cultural Aspects of Business-to-Consumer (B2C) E-commerce: A Comparative Analysis of Pakistan and Australia. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 61. 61-65 Solomon, M. R., Russell-Bennett, R., Previte, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour: Buying, having, being. Pearson Australia. the electric vehicle driving experience on range anxiety. Human Factors, 57(1), 177à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 187. Virvalaite, R., Saladiene, V., Bagdonaite, R. (2015).Peculiarities of impulsive purchasing in the market of consumer goods.Engineering Economics, 62(2), 23-29 Yu, J. C., Lee, S. S. (2016). The Effect of Social Responsibility Characteristics and Consumer Attitude on Purchasing Intention.Journal of Korean Home Management Association, 34(1), 13-32.

Internet Addition Essays - Behavioral Addiction, Internet Culture

Internet Addition Research Paper Theme: Social Impact of the Internet 8 October 1997 ABSTRACT The Internet is the largest source of information in the world today. With its web sites and chat rooms, it is a means of communicating with people in places all over the face of the earth. Since its conception in 1973, the Internet has grown at a whirlwind rate. 51 million adults, were on-line as of the second quarter 1997 in the United States alone. Some say that the Internet is so enjoyable that it is almost addictive. The problem is that researchers are beginning to agree with them. Studies are revealing that there may be an actual form of addiction involved with over-use of the Internet. Identifying which category of addiction the Internet falls into is the problem. There are no real answers yet because research in this area is at the beginning stages. While lost in this so called Cyber Community for long periods of time, people are neglecting other important activities like; time with the family, socializing, work and health concerns. One of the most extensive studies on Internet Addiction to date was conducted by Dr. Kimberly S. Young of the University of Pittsburgh at Bradford. In her study, she revealed concrete evidence supporting the Internet Addiction claim. However, help for web addicts is available. There are several web sites available for the treatment of Internet addiction, as well as counseling centers and clinics. Is it Live, or is it Internet? Internet Addiction The Internet is the largest most versatile source of information in the world today. With its web sites and chat rooms, it is a means of communicating with people in places all over the face of the earth. But with all this power at our fingertips, are there any negative impacts of using this interface? Are we as simple humans capable of interacting with such a powerful communication source. Recent studies are beginning to uncover evidence that would suggest that maybe some of us are not so capable of dealing with this technology. In fact, as more research is conducted, experts are finding that the Internet may even be addictive! Development of the Internet began about 15 years ago. In 1973 the U.S. Defense Research Projects Agency initiated a program to research the techniques and technologies for inter-linking various types of networks.1 The objective was to develop communication protocols that would allow networked computers to communicate transparently across multiple, linked networks. This was called the internetting project and the system of networks that emerged from the research was known as the Internet. Since that time, various other research projects, to include those conducted by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, have shaped and tailored this project to give us the Internet as we know it today. (1) The Internet has now grown to include over 4500 Service Providers in the United States alone. A survey by Christian Huitema of Bellcore indicated that there were 26 million host computers on the Internet as of September 1997.2 A survey conducted by Intelli Quest Information Group Inc. showed that 51 million adults, age 16 or older, were on-line as of the second quarter 1997 in the United States alone.3 With such a large portion of the population swimming in this seemingly never-ending sea of information, what is the real impact of the Internet on society? It seems that the majority of society thinks the Internet is the greatest invention since the telephone. This is probably best justified by the whirlwind rate at which the Internet grows. In fact, some say that the Internet is so enjoyable that it is almost addicting! The problem is that recent studies have shown that the Internet may not only be addicting because it is enjoyable, but that a fairly large number of users are experiencing addiction of a clinical form.4 Identifying which category of addiction the Internet falls into is another problem. There are no real answers yet because research in this area is at the beginning stages. A few researchers are comparing the Internets effects to marijuana as a psychostimulant. They argue that the chemicals in marijuana activate the same stimuli as the Internet.5 Most researchers to this date do, however, agree

Roman Law essays

Roman Law essays The Romans have had almost every type of government there is. They've had a kingdom, a republic, a dictatorship, and an empire. Their democracy would be the basis for most modern democracies. The people have always been involved with and loved their government, no matter what kind it was. They loved being involved in the government, and making decisions concerning everyone. In general, the Romans were very power-hungry. This might be explained by the myth that they are descended from Romulus, who's father was Mars, the god of war. Their government loving tendencies have caused many, many civil wars. After any type of government, the change has been made with a civil war. There have also been many civil wars between rulers. But it all boils down to wanting to be involved in government. When the Greeks finally entered Troy after ten long years of siege, a man named Aeneas escaped the city with his father, Anchises, and his son, Ascanius. They went to Mt. Ida, where they were to meet Aeneas' wife, Creusa, but she never showed up. Saddened, Aeneas acquired a boat and sailed around the Mediterranean. He bounced around from Asia Minor to Greece to Crete looking for a place to found a new Troy, but he couldn't find a satisfactory place. As told by Homer in the Aeneid, Aeneas was cared for by the gods. Venus, in particular, was very worried about him. She asked Jupiter, king of the gods about "Since you are so consumed with anxiety for Aeneas, The hidden pages of fate and speak of the future. He shall conduct a great campaign for you And conquer all Italy and its haughty peoples. He shall impose laws on his own people And build walled cities for them; the third summer Shall see him rule in Latium, the third winter Of warfare see the Rutulians [an Italian tribe] subdued. It is he who shall consolidate your power- For thirty years with all their turning months;...

Discuss the style of the novella The Stranger, by Camus Research Paper

Discuss the style of the novella The Stranger, by Camus - Research Paper Example The reader is presented with a murderer protagonist who is devoid of motive, reason or logic for the crime he has committed. Camus uses the language of the narrator as a device through which the reader may understand the perspective of Meursault, and as a way to reflect aspects in the development of the story. Meursault as a character is utterly remarkable, in that he is quite unremarkable in every possible way (Day 84). He appears to have no unusual or outrageous attributes, opinions, qualities or flaws when the reader is initially introduced to him. He does nothing special, holds no special job, is not living under any unusual circumstances, does not discuss any extreme or judgemental personal opinions and is far from being emotionally distinctive. Meursault leads an existence in which â€Å"days are added to days without rhyme or reason †¦ [and his life] is an interminable and monotonous addition† (Camus 16). However, it is this lack of special traits and engaged interaction in society and life that makes the character, paradoxically, very remarkable and unusual. As the reader unveils the protagonists’ inner thoughts and plot development of the story, it becomes clear that this character is remarkably detached from society in every way. Furthermore, not only is he de tached from society, he is detached from life itself including family and relationships. He displays an unsettling degree of amorality and total lack of judgement of other people’s actions, thoughts and behaviours. Indeed, his detachment goes even further as we realise that he is also detached from his own emotions and self-identity to the extent that he appears to be lacking in both. From the very beginning of the story, Meursaults language very effectively allows the reader insight into his way of thinking. His sentences are consistently brief and concise right from the start, â€Å"Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday. I can’t be sure† (Camus 1). His lack of elaboration or

None Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 20

None - Essay Example of the high demand for iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus, the Apple Inc chief executive, Time Cook, and the management decided to delay the production of an extra-large iPad. It seems that the leadership did not want to overwork its supplier while they were still trying to meet the demand of their customer on another product. According to the Wall Street Journal unnamed source from one of Apple’s suppliers said that the 5.5- inch iPhone 6 plus output remains unsatisfactory. Splitting resources among the display makers would be challenging in producing a large screen iPad at the moment (Luk and Wakabayashi 1). Therefore, it is a significant understanding by the Apple management for allowing its suppliers to push the production of the large screen iPad. They were well aware of the challenge the company is facing in hiring enough factory employees who will assemble the new iPhone in some of its suppliers’ branches. In an organization, there are different individuals trying to accomplish as a specific goal, but working on different tasks. Therefore, organizational behavior is how these individuals or groups are working together within an organization. The idea is focusing on the best way to manage the workers, organization and processes. It is based on the idea of what are employees’ motivated by and why does it motivate them. Managers and supervisors can accomplish organizational goals by defining goals, motivating staff and monitoring performance (Schmermerhorn, Hunt & Osborn 63). With the information that a manager gathers in the organization, he or she is able to make a decision. Therefore, managerial control of the management over the organization is a very significant part of organizational behavior. It includes the decision process by the management of an organization in choosing a course of action to deal with an issue or opportunity. In this case, Apple Inc. Decided to delay the production of a large-screen iPad and instead produce iPhone 6 and iPhone 6 plus

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay Example for Free

Ways Groups of People Are Identified Essay Introduction This paper explores how ethnic restaurants could be a stepping stone towards both sides of the spectrum of in? of multicultural society. A Home to people of manymuch different ethnic backgrounds, Britain is certainly a multicultural place. ContempoaryContemporary Britain has been one of the countries that have experienced a rapid growth of population through the process of international immigration(Piccolo and Thomas 2001). This increases the population diversity, generating a variety of different cultural communities; reshaping the socio-cultural and economic structure of the nation. Britain has arrived to the Age of migration and minority. The ‘differences’ of different cultural groups can coexist in an environment with joyously embrace, celebrated and harmony, or in an environment with disagreement, mistrust and clashes (Thompson 2003). Hypotheses Many different variables can affect the progression of multiculturalism; the ethnic restaurants industry is only part of the bigger picture. Hence, both the internal and external variables from the ethnic restaurant industry will be study. However, this paper will be more focus to the following hypotheses: (this line doesn’t make sense) 1) Does the role of ethnic restaurants acts as a barrier or a stepping-stone on the process of multiculturalism?. 2) At whatich level of the society does ethnic restaurants plays athe largest role on the process of multiculturalism. These hypotheses will be explored and in depth, with theories and ideas supplying the foundation of the paper and the findings will be examined with a case study to test out the findings in relationship with the reality. Methodology The methodology will be based on research on the ideology of multiculturalism in terms of food as a symbol of multiculturalism, and the relationship of ethnic restaurants with multiculturalism. The research will consist of both primary and secondary research; the background knowledge about the ethnic restaurants industry is mainly based on relevant journals and other resources, the ideology of multiculturalism and its relationship with the ethnic restaurants will be split into two separate sections. This allows the ideas of the theories to have equal weight. Following this, will be distinguishing the main factors that have the prime impacts on the progression of multiculturalism and at which level of these factors have the most affect, which is my hypotheses. With adequate amount of ideas and theories in similar field written by a range of authors from different background been examined and explored, a self-constructed case study will be mounted. Investigating how the ideas from the secondary research relate to the reality. An ethnic restaurant will be chosen, the restaurant have to be a restaurant that are similar to the type of restaurants that have been studied from some of the authors that have been researched in the literature review section. The type of primary research will be through observation and interviewing some of the main players within the restaurants, both the staffs and the customers. By interviewing the different players of the ethnic restaurant, I can start building up some of the insight of the kind of knowledge the stakeholders of an ethnic restaurant have on the idea of multiculturalism. The paper will be concluded with a summary of the main findings from the research and how the findings tie in or contradiction to reality, the case study. This is an important part of the paper, as this will prove if the theories behind do or do not occur in reality. It finishes off with some personal insights and any further improvements that could be useful if this paper is to be research in the future. The personal insight s based on the findings of the paper, and further improvement includes some of the difficulties that have arises during the course of the research and the case study constructed. It will be useful for any research if they were to be interested in this topic. Literature Review General Background Since the 1970’s there has been a rapid increase in ethnic entrepreneurship in Britain. This had been argued as a survival strategy for ethnic groups toward deindustrialisation, many immigrants which were initially recruited for low-skilled manual jobs have to adapt to the changes of economic structure from manufacture to service based economy(Jones and Ram 2003). With the ever increasing upward trend of eating out in the British economy (Ram, Sanghera et al.2000; Ram, Jones et al. 2002), many ethnic groups have eyeds this as an opportunity in order to survive the transitional phase of the nation. , Thisthe trend of a more diverse diet of the British economy helps the ethnic minority, as ethnic minority with the knowledge of unfamiliar food have a comparative advantage in entering the ethnic cuisine business (Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000). However, the speed and growth of ethnic entrepreneurs entering the market exceed the market potential, hence creating a market that is overcrowded (Ram, Jones et al.2002) or a market with hyper-competition (Jones and Ram 2003). As we progress to the 21st century there have been periods of time that the growth in the number of the ethnic cuisine market to slow down, however, there have been an increase in the quality of goods and services provide with ethnic cuisines (Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000). We take the Italians for example, when the Italians first started their catering business in Britain; at the beginning they started with pizzeria or dinner, as the start-up cost to the business is relatively low., Today, and nowadays this has progressed to white-tablecloth restaurants where the return of investment is much greater. There have been similar patterns of creating a more upscale business where returns are greater (Ray 2005), also known to some as the bottom-up theory in the catering industry(Riello 2006). Another argument to the shift from quantity to quality in ethnic cuisine is that of the increase in expertise in the business sector from the second generation of the ethnic minority. As mentioned before the rapid growth of ethnic cuisine market is one of the survival strategy adopted in the period of deindustrialisation. With the growth of the second generation from ethnic groups, some of the barriers of the first generation of entering the market are removed. (For example, language/communication barrier removed) Second generation ethnic entrepreneur eyes the ethnic catering industry not as a survival strategy, but rather a strategy to climb the income ladder(Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000; Ram, Jones et al. 2002; Jones and Ram 2003; Riello 2006). Ethnic cuisine have been embedded into the modern society this is partly due to the dynamicity of the economic structure of the nation, the ethnic cuisine industry have also adopted with this dynamicity and restructure itself to establish into the restaurant industry. With the second generation of the ethnic minority becoming more skilled and well adopted in the economy, the nature of the industry have also changed. Food as symbol of culture The importance of consumer behavior in the western society is the contribution in the creation and adaptation to the level of acceptance to new commodities and social habit. The idea of a changing pattern of consumerism plays an important role in the general acceptance of different culture. Food can be assumed to be a commodity to an economy, and different ethnic cuisine supplies different cultural based ‘product’, hence ethnic food to an certain extents is known as an cultural commodity (Ray 2005), and ethnic restaurants, with the increasing trend of eating out acts as a catalyst towards a general acceptance of different cultural social habit(Riello 2006). Catering has been seen as a symbol of culture, this is due to the fact that different ethnic foods have its own identity, quality and traditional attach to it(Ram, Jones et al.2002). Similar to other culture symbols: such as places of worship, ethnic restaurants share some of the fundamental purpose that occurs in places of worship. They both provide a gathering place for groups with common believes, and educating its users to get a feel of the message it is trying to get out. In addition, there are different symbols of culture in different method of eating, similar to different methods of praying. The symbol of cultural relating to the method of different method of eating is very strong., Examples includesuch as the usage of different cutlery, generally in European catering, the main usage of cutleryscutleries are knifes, forks, and spoons, and in the south-east Asian the main usage of cutlery is chopstick. These different methods of eating can be seen as different symbols of food or culture. (Bruckner 2006; Hussain and Miller 2006) Food culture is also associated to class differencest; there have been a long history of catering in relation to class, this is due to the history of strong class separation in the western society. For example: in the 18th century, during the north European renaissance the Italians culture has played an important role in every aspect of living, Italian food and catering included. The taste of Italy has soon become the cultural leader in western society. During that period, the Italian food industry all around Europe was experiencing an increase of acceptance of the Italian catering. However, this surge in the interest of Italian food is not totally due to the taste and quality from superior of skills in catering, but also the cultural associations. (Riello 2006). These long histories of food in association with culture and class have repeated itself with different culture depending on the trend and fashion with the leading culture group. Should I do into class segregation or should I concentrate on culture? In recent history, there have been increasing trends of a more diverse style of catering; this is due to the fact that, the numbers of choices of different ethnic restaurants have increased dramatically, especially south-eastsoutheast Asian cuisines. This is due to the effects that south-eastsoutheast Asians cuisines have been seen as a health diet, hence creating a brand for Asians catering to be a symbol of healthy diet. I will find reading that will support this point. Food in relationship with multiculturalism Multiculturalism has been an increasingly popular ideology to modern society. This is caused bye the increase in convenience of international migration due to the increase in technology that enable people to move around the world with less significant amount of effort. Furthermore, the general reshaping of social and economic structure with the aid from processes such as globalisation. One can say that today’s societies have become more diverse than any other time in history. With such as diverse groups of people with different ethnic, religion, and social background, people have came up with different ideas and models that will accomplish with the increase in diversity of culture group living in the same society. One of the main ideologies of multiculturalism is the balance of power of similar and different groups interacting in close proximity to each other. (Jesudason 1997; Ram, Jones et al. 2002) Should I expand or try to put the arguments of multiculturalism together? Diffusion of different groups One of the main aspects of multiculturalism is how the process of the diffusion of different groups merges into the same society. The advantages and disadvantages of the level of diffusion of different groups merge together. merge. (Thompson 2003; Ray 2005) Advantages: Groups of different culture background merging togethermerging will stimulate an environment of a richer sense of culture. The learning and teaching of different culture meanings will benefits and enhance the standard of living and the standard of well-beings of all the different groups within in the society. With the increase of acceptance and tolerance of groups of different ethnic, religion and social background will reduce or remove any chances of discrimination or racial riotrivet, which, which in history have results in some of most devastating and dramatic historical events. Disadvantages: The losst of identity and beliefsve of different cultural groups will eventually create a society of ‘no difference? t’. Reducing the varieties of identity within a society will damage of possibility of a multicultural society. I have difficulty trying to explain this following idea, I do understand the 2 different approaches, but putting it on paper is difficult. Differences of Groups The most difficult ideology behind multiculturalism is how to verify the differences of groups. In general there are two approaches in verifying the differences of groups: An indifferences approach towards different: The indifferences approach towards different is that instead of identifying different groups in the level of differences in relation to other groups. One will try identifying different groups with the amount of similarity of the members. This approach strongly emphasis on the idea of equality, assuming everyone is equal. This sounds like a more appropriate approach; however it eliminates the importance of different identity in every single member of the group. A differences approach towards different: The differences approach towards different is identifying the level of differences between groups. Opposite to the indifferencesindifferences, approach towards different. This approach shows that all members of a group will still have individual personal level of different. It also takes into consideration that cultural do not follows the rule of universalism, meaning everyone will be different no matter what culture group they are in. Tool or Barrier? In the restaurant industry there is a very strong ethnic based pattern of recruitments, part of the reasoning behind this is the strong cultural background behind ethnic restaurants. Firstly, catering is one of the classic niches traditionally occupied by ethnic minority, since the cultural identity is of the utmost operational importance. In the case of the operation within the kitchen, it is surrounded with a working environment that consist frequent activities with rushed orders, since in most ethnic restaurant the type of food produced are catered with ethnic chefs. The importance of communication inside the kitchen is essential. This is one of the push factors for any workers with different language skills to operate in this working environment(Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000; Jones and Ram 2003; Ray 2005). Secondly, similar to other service based businesses, the working hours for employees in the restaurants industry can be argued to beas unsociable. , Tthis is due to the fact that in the catering industry the ‘rush hours’ are the hours that can be assumed to be the most ‘sociable hours’ (Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000). Due to the natureal of the catering industry of being serving users for their social activities, This can be deduce as the opportunity cost for people related to the catering industry of forgoing their own social time for the return that they get, in this case wages for working. (this line is too long and I cant see how to make it smaller cos I don’t understand it!! ) A And a lot of ethnic restaurants are is supported with strong family ties and cultural support. , Iit is very common for an ethnic business to operate with a high level of family involvement, and this could be part-time of or full-time involvement. These high levels of family support have been adopted by the ethnic group in their survival strategy that has kept them in the businessThe ethnic group in their survival strategy that has kept them in the business has adopted these high levels of family support. , FAas family support do not only offers support financially, but also physically and morally, and it is the physical and moral support that have kept the ethnic entrepreneurship to stay in the competitive market rather than the financial support. The idea of converting culture or loyalty into capital capital, thatthat can be use as an advantagesan advantage in order to stay competitive against much better resourced organisations. With these reasons, the pattern of the employment in ethnic restaurants has a much higher concentration of ethnic group than most other type of organisations. This can act as a barrier for different ethnic minorities working in restaurants to diffuse into the society. Firstly, the language barrier will be harder to break, as the language used in the workplace will most probably be their native language. The language barrier should be the first barrier to break in order for people to diffuse into the surrounding society, as communication is one of the fundamentals of any kind of social interaction. In the case of working unsociable hours, this is also another barrier for employees related to the catering industry to diffuse with the society, as the ‘timing’ to interact with people are limited, reducing the chance and pace of which they can diffuse into the society. Finally, with the high level of family involvement in the restaurants industry, this is a ‘micro’ scale compared to the other two examples mentioned before. By this I mean, the higher the concentration of family involvement in the business the more isolated the group is to the surrounding society. , Tas the only people that they will be in contact is their family members again creating a barrier by reducing the level of interaction to the surrounding society. As mentioned before one of the functions of restaurants is to bring people of similarity together, acting as a gathering point and educating its users. , Inin this instance,case it is the culture and the traditional of the ethnic food they can trying to educates it users. Ethnic restaurants like other businesses are located in areas of high demand of the product (Jesudason 1997; Ray 2005; Riello 2006), as ethnic food is a cultural commodity, most ethnic restaurants are located in area of higher concentration of ethnic population, this is to increase the number of possible customer of the ethnic restaurants, which makes economic sense. As in some casescases, an ethnic restaurant is focusing on a niche market. By having an distinctive focus group of potential customers, they can become an ultimate ethnic monopoly (Ram, Sanghera et al. 2000). Again with the increasing trend of eating ethnic food, and the increase of the level of acceptance of ethnic food, an ethnic restaurant will be a gathering point of both similar and different groups. This can act as a tool as an opportunity for similar and different group to congregate together, both learning and teaching about they culture background, achieving one of the theory of multiculturalism, which is people from dissimilar groups gather together in an environment with joyously embrace, celebrated and harmony(Thompson 2003). (cut this sentence into two) The idea of going to restaurants with a different ethnic background is that it offers a taste, quality and an environment that is different from ordinary cuisine. The experience of been in an environment of different culture background is one of the main attraction of ethnic restaurants and the reason behind the surge in the popularity of ethnic restaurants(Ram, Jones et al. 2002). Taken the theory of consumerism into account, if there is a higher level of consumption in any goods or services, the general acceptance of the particular goods or services will also increase. Hence the increase in the consumption of ethnic food will increase the general acceptance of ethnic food (Riello 2006). As catering can be seen as an art, meaning catering and art both share some common proprieties such as producing a product that will educate and sent out an message to the user, with the increase in the level of general acceptance of ethnic food, the user will become more and more aware and appreciate the artist (in this case the chef), and similar to a piece of art, user will also start to appreciate the cultural background and the historical aspect behind the method and ideology of catering as the same as they admire the food. (Hussain and Miller 2006; Pickett 2006) (cut this into 3 sentences) Does this final part make sense? Case study Case study will be constructed after the x’mas holidays; this is due to the fact that the time just before x’mas is the high season for any restaurants. After the x’mas period they will ‘hopefully’ give me an interview more willingly which I can have better answer/results. The Case Study will be based on a modern Japanese restaurants situated in the city, where there is a high concentration of Japanese oversea organisation near by. The main focus of the case study will be on the awareness of people in the catering industry on some of the ideas that I have mentioned in the paper Some stats on the recruitment pattern, try to find evidence that will support the ideas I have mentioned * And find any points that will go against my ideas, and then try to find the reasoning behind the disagreements. This is a self-constructed case study; the aim of this case study is to test out some of the findings earlier in thisof the paper. Firstly, does the role of the ethnic restaurants acts as a stepping-stone, or barriers towards the progression of multiculturalism. , Ssecondly, at which level of this in the society does ethnic restaurants, have the most impact towards multiculturalism. The case study is carried out in order to test out some of the main findings from the literature review. It is based on interviewing and talking with the different actors in the chosen restaurant, this is the best way to know what different actors feels about ethnic restaurants, questions will include general conception of ethnic restaurant and the relationship with multiculturalisms. Observation of the restaurant will also play an important role in my case study. This is due to the fact that is difficult to talk to all the different actors of the restaurant, as a high percentage of the actors will be the customers of the company, and the interview will be main be done during the operational time of the restaurant. The findings will be first be analysed? is in the sections, and some of the ideas from the case study will be concluded in the conclusion section at the end of the paper. Saki Bar and Emporium is located at Farringdon, at the heart of the city of London. One of the main selling points of the restaurant is to integrate modern Japanese technology into the design of the restaurant. This have acted as one of the main attraction to both Japanese and non-Japanese customers. â€Å"Some of these technologies are very common in Japan†¦for Japanese customers coming here, I hope that this will make them feel closering to home, and for European customers it is simply an attraction point. † Manger Director of Saki Ms. Ayako Like many ethnic restaurants, the staffs are mainly with the same ethnic background. The kitchen staffs in Saki are also the same, most of them are Japanese, expect for one or two, however, these non nativesexceptions can speak fluent Japanese. The waiting staffs have a more diversity in terms of ethnic background, ranging from Japanese, Chinese, to Spanish and English. However, the concentration of Japanese waiting staff still contributes more than 50% of the total. The communication within the kitchen is through the language of Japanese, and the communication on the floor is through English. Thaned the communication between the floor staff and the kitchen staffs is mainly Japanese, hence a translator is often used to communicatein the progress commutating to one another. In terms of customers, around 50% of the customers are Japanese, however, this is still a very high proportion, as the population of Japanese in London is relatively much lower than that. â€Å"Is always good to walk in a Japanese Restaurant surrounded with Japanese, this means that the restaurant can’t be too bad†¦I much prefer Japanese chefs, it will be strange having a European cooking Japanese for me† European customers of Saki. For customer with a different ethnic background this is an opportunity to learn the culture and some of the traditional relating to catering. For example, the greeting of the Japanese culture is very strong. Hence, by entering and exiting the restaurant, customer can experience the shouting of welcome and thank you in Japanese, which in the western society can be assume to be rude. â€Å"I always wonder what exactly do they say to me when I enter her†¦I guess that is what their culture is. † European customer of Saki. This high concentration of Japanese customer can be cause by the cultural loyalty that have been mentioned before, this loyalty can be converted into capital that can be used in order for a more successful ethnic based restaurants. This culture loyalty aids the idea that ethnic restaurants can be used as a general gathering point for people with similar ethnic background as food is a culture commodity â€Å"I haven’t got used to eating sandwiches for lunch yet, I prefer having rice as part of my meal†¦also coming here sometimes I see my friends† Japanese Customer of Saki. To surmise, several of my findings from the literature do relate in reality. Firstly, ethnic restaurants have adapted to the changes of the economic structure of the nation, and moving from quantity into quality dinners. Secondly, in terms of food in relation to culture, the general acceptance of the Japanese food culture for Europeans is relatively high, for example, the idea of eating raw fish is general accepted. Ethnic restaurants can act as a gathering point for groups of similar background. Ethnic restaurants in terms of multiculturalism as expected do play an important role in both as a stepping-stone and a barrier. The recruitment pattern of ethnic restaurant follows the trends of other ethnic restaurants that have been studied in my literature review, as the kitchen been mainly of staff with the same ethnic background, and the floor been a more diverse. The culture support is higher than expected as the culture loyalty was very high in Saki Bar and Emporium. As expected from the case study, it shows that ethnic restaurants can be both a stepping-stone and a barrier in the progression of the multiculturalism, and these two occur simultaneously and it is difficult to determine which side of the scale it tilts. Depending at which levels and groups one look into, the result of ethnic restaurants can be determined, however this depends on how one verify the groups, with a difference approach or an indifference approach towards differences. Conclusion This paper looked into some of the issues that have been under researched by scholars and academicsresearchers in this field; however there has been an increase of interest of some of the ideas explored in this paper. More and more scholars are in the process of examining and exploring the idea of the restaurant industry in relation to issues of culturalism. The first point to note is that the idea of the progression of a society towards multiculturalism is indefinite, it is still an ideology. Also there a numbernumerous of different definitions of a multicultural society, some can argue that there are already societies that followssocieties that follow the same characteristics of a multicultural society and via versa. The aim of this paper is to explore some of the issues that are surrounding the restaurant industry in contrast to the progression of a multicultural society. In the paper I have examined why the restaurant industry can act as a barrier and a tool towards the idea of multiculturalism. However, the levels of effectiveness of each of these variables have not been examined, nevertheless I can conclude that the different variables are acting on the issue of multiculturalism simultaneously, acting as a barrier and tool at the same time. (this sentence doesn’t make sense) However which way of the balance restaurants will have on the idea of multiculturalism will be very difficult to measure.; Thisthis is due to the fact that there are too many different variables both internal ad external with the catering industry that can have an effect on the progression of a multicultural society. (Reuck, A Knight, J 1966) In the case study I have found out that the recruitment pattern of ethnic restaurants do apply in reality, as staff with similar ethnic background is preferred not only in the operation of the restaurant, but also it is more appealing‘pleasing’ forto the customers, as they prefer an environment with a higher concentration of people in an ethnic restaurants. This factor reduces the langue barrier within the restaurant; on the other hand it also reduces their skill to speack the English language. OneWhich is one of the largest barriers that a foreigner hasve inon a foreign country is, as communicating with people. It is is essential to communicate fluently but in, without this essential skill, especially in the restaurant industry, where the working hour is both ‘unsoicalise’ and long, withhich produces a relatively smaller social sphere, one can live without this essential communication skill much longer than other professions. TheWith the recruitment pattern within the restaurant industry is heavily concentrated with the same ethnic background from various reasons, the restaurants industry follows some of the theories that the paper have been explored. The working environment of ethnic restaurant act as a barrier for its staff to merge with the rest of the society, due to the nature of the working hours of the industry, along side with the high concentration of the ethnic groups, changing minority to majority. This changing from minority to majority within the working environment makes the environment of the industry unique. (Bensman, J Arthur, J 1975) Referring back to the ideology of multiculturalism, either depending on which approach one might use to tackle the restaurant industry, by differences, or indifferences approach towards different. The outcome will be different. In addition, the level of scale of the issue will also change the outcome. For example: an ethnic restaurant can aid the progression of multiculturalism in the wider society, but at the same time, it acts as a barrier to the progression of multiculturalism in the society created in the working environment. Finally, this section will examine some of the difficulties occurred during the course of the paper, and suggestion of improvement if some of the ideas from this paper is to be explored in the futurerther. Firstly, due to the limited time, and manpower, some of the ideas have only been examined on the surface; each sections of the paper can be explored in more detail. For example, due to these restrictions, the case study is only based on one restaurant; one obvious improvement is to look into a more and diverse range of ethnic restaurants. This paper looks at only one ethnic group, but, ifwith more restaurants werebeen look into, one can start to identify similarities and differences in different ethnic groups. This would be a interesting topic to look into as the similarities and difference might or might not follows the culture of the ethnic background. Further more, one of the main difficulties is the limited sources that are available for my literature review research that is directly related to this paper. However, as mentioned before this is a field that is becoming more popular among scholars and researchers, one can only imagine the number and quality of the sources are increasing everyday. more conlusion on the case study Biography Bensman, J Arthur, J (1975). Metroplitan communities; new forms of urban sub-communities. 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